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The charges at the cathode reduces the potential that is present in the absence of the electron so that further emission is prevented. The maxium current is said to be the space charge limitation. Child and Langmuir first studied the space charge limitation in 1910s[1,2]. It assumes that two infinite parallel plane electrodes at fixed … Read more
Maxwell’s equation in vacuum Name Integral equations Differential equations Gauss’s law Gauss’s law for magnetism Maxwell–Faraday equation(Faraday’s law of induction) Ampère’s circuital law (with Maxwell’s addition) Next, We obtain the electromagnetic wave equation in a vacuum. It is also called Helmholtz equation. Take the Curl of the Faraday equation \(\nabla \times \left(\nabla \times \mathbf {E} \right)=\nabla \times … Read more
An electrton beam is widely used in all kinds of vacuum tubes. The electrons decrease the potential in and around the beam. The electrical force courses the beam to expand in the cavity. The main step to obtain the potential is as follows:Step 1 Use Gauss’s low to find the electric field in the cavity.Step … Read more
Asciimath is a markup language used to write mathematical expressions using plain text. It’s often used in online forums, blogs, and websites where users want to display math equations without using complex mathematical notation. ASCII Math provides a simple and intuitive way to represent mathematical symbols and expressions using standard keyboard characters. Operation symbols Type … Read more
Contour plot of the transverse electric mode in a circular cross section wave-guides. Plot real functions for one variable. Wave guide tool: TE mode in circular wave-guide | Cutoff radius for TE mode in a circular waveguide | corrugated waveguide | rectangle waveguide | Waveguide Pattern Visualizer Plasma tool permittivity stix Edit tool Latex replace … Read more